Transformers — GCSE Physics Revision
Revise Transformers for GCSE Physics. Step-by-step explanation, worked examples, common mistakes and exam-style practice aligned to AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC, Eduqas, CCEA, Cambridge International (CIE), SQA, IB, AP.
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Go to National GridWhat is Transformers?
A transformer is a device that changes the potential difference of an alternating current (AC). It consists of two coils of wire, a primary coil and a secondary coil, wrapped around a soft iron core. A step-up transformer increases the potential difference (has more turns on the secondary coil), while a step-down transformer decreases it (has fewer turns on the secondary coil). Transformers only work with AC.
Board notes: A Higher Tier topic for all major GCSE Physics boards (AQA, Edexcel, OCR). The transformer equations are important.
Step-by-step explanationWorked example
A transformer has 200 turns on the primary coil and 2000 turns on the secondary coil. If the input potential difference is 230V, what is the output potential difference? Solution: Use the transformer equation: Vp/Vs = Np/Ns. 230V / Vs = 200 / 2000. Vs = 230V x (2000 / 200) = 2300V. This is a step-up transformer.
Mini lesson for Transformers
1. Understand the core idea
A transformer is a device that changes the potential difference of an alternating current (AC). It consists of two coils of wire, a primary coil and a secondary coil, wrapped around a soft iron core.
Can you explain Transformers without copying the notes?
2. Turn it into marks
A transformer has 200 turns on the primary coil and 2000 turns on the secondary coil. If the input potential difference is 230V, what is the output potential difference?
Underline the method, evidence, or command-word move that would earn credit in GCSE Magnetism & Electromagnetism.
3. Fix the likely mark leak
Watch for this mistake: Thinking that transformers can work with direct current (DC). They rely on a changing magnetic field, which is only produced by AC.
Write one correction rule before doing another practice question.
Practise this topic
Jump into adaptive, exam-style questions for Transformers. Free to start; sign in to save progress.
Transformers practice questions
These are original StudyVector questions for revision practice. They are not official exam-board questions.
Question 1
In one GCSE sentence, explain what Transformers is testing.
Answer: A transformer is a device that changes the potential difference of an alternating current (AC). It consists of two coils of wire, a primary coil and a secondary coil, wrapped around a soft iron core.
Mark focus: Precise definition and topic focus.
Question 2
A Transformers question uses an unfamiliar context. What should the answer do before adding detail?
Answer: It should name the process, variable, equation, particle model, or evidence being tested, then explain the result using precise scientific vocabulary.
Mark focus: Method selection and command-word control.
Question 3
A student makes this mistake: "Thinking that transformers can work with direct current (DC). They rely on a changing magnetic field, which is only produced by AC." What should their next repair task be?
Answer: Do one Transformers question and review the mistake type.
Mark focus: Error correction and next-step practice.
Transformers flashcards
Core idea
What is the main idea in Transformers?
A transformer is a device that changes the potential difference of an alternating current (AC). It consists of two coils of wire, a primary coil and a secondary coil, wrapped around a soft iron core.
Common mistake
What mistake should you avoid in Transformers?
Thinking that transformers can work with direct current (DC). They rely on a changing magnetic field, which is only produced by AC.
Practice
What is one useful practice task for Transformers?
Answer one Transformers question and review the mistake type.
Exam board
How should you use board notes for Transformers?
A Higher Tier topic for all major GCSE Physics boards (AQA, Edexcel, OCR). The transformer equations are important.
Common mistakes
- 1Thinking that transformers can work with direct current (DC). They rely on a changing magnetic field, which is only produced by AC.
- 2Confusing step-up and step-down transformers. Step-up increases voltage (more secondary turns), step-down decreases voltage (fewer secondary turns).
- 3Assuming that transformers create energy. They are very efficient, but they cannot create energy. If the voltage is stepped up, the current must be stepped down to conserve power (P = VI).
Transformers exam questions
Exam-style questions for Transformers with mark-scheme style solutions and timing practice. Aligned to AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC, Eduqas, CCEA, Cambridge International (CIE), SQA, IB, AP specifications.
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Step-by-step method
Step-by-step explanation
4 steps · Worked method for Transformers
Core concept
A transformer is a device that changes the potential difference of an alternating current (AC). It consists of two coils of wire, a primary coil and a secondary coil, wrapped around a soft iron core. …
Frequently asked questions
Why are transformers used in the National Grid?
Step-up transformers are used to increase the voltage for transmitting electricity over long distances. This reduces the current, which in turn reduces energy loss as heat in the cables. Step-down transformers are then used to reduce the voltage to a safe level for use in homes and businesses.
What is the transformer equation?
The ratio of the potential differences across the coils is equal to the ratio of the number of turns on the coils: Vp/Vs = Np/Ns. For an ideal (100% efficient) transformer, the power in equals the power out: VpIp = VsIs.